The Nazi Motive for the Holocaust: Profiting from Murder

For all those Neo Nazi's, Iranians and Arabs who "gloat" and ‎deny that such a thing as the Holohoax as they call the Holocaust - the meticulously Nazi planned extermination of ‎all the Jews throughout the world - actually did occur.

There is one major detail few people are not aware of or are readily reminded of; that ‎The Wannsee Conference (German: Wannseekonferenz)  on 20 January 1942 was a ‎‎"business" meeting. This "Business Meeting" was arranged and carried out, in a very convivial atmosphere over good food and wine, to discuss every finite detail from the previous highly (unprofitable) ‎experience of dealing with "The Jewish Question", to one of profit for the Nazi war ‎machine in the (Die Endlösung der Judenfrage) or "Final Solution" (extermination) of the Jews.

At the Wannsee Conference in 1942 the director of the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main Security Office; RSHA) SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich voiced the disappointed of Adolph Hitler and the Nazi regime at the problems encountered concerning the "Jewish Question".

The main purpose of the Wannsee Conference, lead by SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, was to ensure the cooperation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of the now proposed (Die Endlösung der Judenfrage) or"Final Solution" of the "Jewish Question."
Conference attendees included representatives from several government ministries, including state secretaries from the Foreign Office, the justice, interior, and state ministries, and representatives from the Schutzstaffel (SS).

During the course of the conference, Heydrich outlined how European Jews would be rounded up from west to east and sent to extermination camps in the area of General Government (the occupied part of Poland), where they would be exterminated in his carefully calculated, organized arrangement.
In his comprehensive plan, most of the Jews of German-occupied Europe would be rounded up to be deported by thoroughly coordinated train transportation  to specially constructed death camps in Poland.

However the true story of just how the Nazi's were able to carry out their diabolical scheme is recounted here from "IBM and the Holocaust," by Edwin Black:

"IBM engineered a strategic business alliance and joint planning program with Nazi Germany from the very first moment in 1933 and extending right through the war that endowed the Hitler regime with the technology and the tools it needed to expedite and, in many ways, automate, all six phases of Hitler's war against the Jews. Those six phases are identification, expulsion, confiscation, ghettoization, deportation and ultimately even extermination.
When Hitler came to power, a central Nazi goal was to identify and destroy Germany's 600,000 Jews. To Nazis, Jews were not just those who practiced Judaism, but those of Jewish blood, regardless of their assimilation, intermarriage, religious activity, or even conversion to Christianity. Only after Jews were identified could they be targeted for asset confiscation, ghettoization, deportation, and ultimately extermination. To search generations of communal, church, and governmental records all across Germany-and later throughout Europe-was a cross-indexing task so monumental, it called for a computer. But in 1933, no computer existed.
When the Reich needed to mount a systematic campaign of Jewish economic disenfranchisement and later began the massive movement of European Jews out of their homes and into ghettos, once again, the task was so prodigious it called for a computer. But in 1933, no computer existed.

When the Final Solution sought to efficiently transport Jews out of European ghettos along railroad lines and into death camps, with timing so precise the victims were able to walk right out of the boxcar and into a waiting gas chamber, the coordination was so complex a task, this too called for a computer. But in 1933, no computer existed.

However, another invention did exist: the IBM punch card and card sorting system-a precursor to the computer called a Hollerith, after Herman Hollerith, its inventor. 

IBM, primarily through Hollerith its German subsidiary, made Hitler's program of Jewish destruction a technologic mission the company pursued with chilling success. IBM Germany, using its own staff and equipment, designed, executed, and supplied the indispensable technologic assistance Hitler's Third Reich needed to accomplish what had never been done before-the automation of human destruction.

More than 2,000 such multi-machine sets were dispatched throughout Germany, and thousands more throughout German-dominated Europe. Card sorting operations were established in every major concentration camp where they  inventoried prisoners for death at Bergen-Belsen and other concentration camps. People were moved from place to place, systematically worked to death, and their remains cataloged with icy automation.
IBM Germany, known in those days as Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft, or Dehomag, did not simply sell the Reich machines and then walk away. IBM's subsidiary, with the knowledge of its New York headquarters, enthusiastically custom-designed the complex devices and specialized applications as an official corporate undertaking. Dehomag's top management was comprised of openly rabid Nazis who were arrested after the war for their Party affiliation.

IBM NY always understood-from the outset in 1933-that it was courting and doing business with the upper echelon of the Nazi Party. The company leveraged its Nazi Party connections to continuously enhance its business relationship with Hitler's Reich, in Germany and throughout Nazi-dominated Europe.

Dehomag and other IBM subsidiaries custom-designed the applications. Its technicians sent mock-ups of punch cards back and forth to Reich offices until the data columns were acceptable, much as any software designer would today. Punch cards could only be designed, printed, and purchased from one source: IBM. The machines were not sold, they were leased, and regularly maintained and upgraded by only one source: IBM. IBM subsidiaries trained the Nazi officers and their surrogates throughout Europe, set up branch offices and local dealerships throughout Nazi Europe staffed by a revolving door of IBM employees, and scoured paper mills to produce as many as 1.5 billion punch cards a year in Germany alone. Moreover, the fragile machines were serviced on site about once per month, even when that site was in or near a concentration camp. IBM Germany's headquarters in Berlin maintained duplicates of many code books, much as any IBM service bureau today would maintain data backups for computers.
I was haunted by a question whose answer has long eluded historians. The Germans always had the lists of Jewish names. Suddenly, a squadron of grim-faced SS would burst into a city square and post a notice demanding those listed assemble the next day at the train station for deportation to the East. But how did the Nazis get the lists? For decades, no one has known. Few have asked.

The answer: IBM Germany's census operations and similar advanced people counting and registration technologies. IBM was founded in 1898 by German inventor Herman Hollerith as a census tabulating company. Census was its business. But when IBM Germany formed its philosophical and technologic alliance with Nazi Germany, census and registration took on a new mission. IBM Germany invented the racial census-listing not just religious affiliation, but bloodline going back generations. This was the Nazi data lust. Not just to count the Jews — but to identify them.
People and asset registration was only one of the many uses Nazi Germany found for high-speed data sorters. Food allocation was organized around databases, allowing Germany to starve the Jews. Slave labor was identified, tracked, and managed largely through punch cards. Punch cards even made the trains run on time and cataloged their human cargo. German Railway, the Reichsbahn, Dehomag's biggest customer, dealt directly with senior management in Berlin. Dehomag maintained punch card installations at train depots across Germany, and eventually across all Europe."

Until the "Wannassee Conference" the "highly unprofitable" liquidation of the Jews had been carried out mainly in the Eastern areas of occupied Russian territory by "Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD" who were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that carried out mass killings, primarily by shooting of Jews in the East.

From September 1939 in Poland to June of 1941 with the invasion of the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. The Einsatzgruppen worked hand-in-hand with the Orpo Police Battalions on the Eastern Front to carry out operations ranging from the murder of a few people to operations which lasted over two or more days, such as the massacre at Babi Yar with 33,771 Jews killed in two days, and the Rumbula massacre (with about 25,000 killed in two days of shooting).On December 15th, 1941 commenced one of the largest (Photos on left) mass executions of over 2,700 Jews as well as 23 Communists from the Latvian town of Liepaja (Libau, to the Germans) forced over the course of two-plus days to strip on the freezing Skede dunes overlooking the Baltic and there shot by German and Latvian teams into a vast pit. It’s one of the most recognizable Holocaust atrocities because it was extensively photographed. As one can see from the pictures, the victims here were mostly women.

These mass murders were ordered (indirectly) by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, the Wehrmacht cooperated with the Einsatzgruppen and provided logistical support for their operations. SS documentation related to  the Einsatzgruppen and their related auxiliary troops reveled that they killed more than two million people, including 1.3 million Jews between 1941 and 1945.

Until the reorganization of the Die Endlösung der Judenfrage or"Final Solution" at the Wannsee Conference, German Einsatzgruppen had operated in a manner which, to the SS High Command, was haphazard and highly unprofitable.
In most cases when Jewish "Shtetls"-or villages with Jewish inhabitants were encountered by German forces, Einsatzgruppen were called upon to deal with the "Jewish Question". In 8mm films made by Wehrmacht film crews who accompanied the Einsatzgruppen on their mission we have seen how the Jews were rounded up and made to dig ditches and then are made to run to them where members of the Einsatzgruppen would shoot the Jews.

At first the Jews were murdered in their clothing but as seen in later films Jews where forced to undress and their clothing taken.
It was only after a few months that upon reading the reports of "Aktions"- the murder of the  Jews, that the SS High Command realized their error in allowing the Russian neighbors from participating in the "Aktions", As seen in the films the non Jewish; Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian and Ukrainian neighbors, had in many cases "gleefully" helped to round up and liquidate their Jewish neighbors, from confiscating valuable  items from the Jews.
Due to the "loss of valuable items" an order was issued that when Jewish villages were encountered that members of the Ordnungspolizei would organize the rounding up the Jews the day before an "Aktion". The Jews were ordered to pack two suitcases per family and that at a table in the local Synagogue all Jews were required to bring their "valuables" -items of silver and gold for "registration and storage". Selected female members of the community, who were not immediately murdered were assigned to sort and package the clothing of those ordered to strip.
Upon further review the SS High Command found that this new procedure which did begin to improve profit, still had flaws. They found that the cost of the ammunition and alcoholic drinks provided to the members of the Einsatzgruppen who performed the murders still effected the overall profitability of the operation.

The next step of the (Die Endlösung der Judenfrage) or"Final Solution" of the "Jewish Question."was the introduction of "Gas Vans." Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler learned the psychological impact of shooting women and children on the Einsatzgruppen during trips to Russia in 1941 and he commissioned Arthur Nebe to explore ways of killing that were less stressful for the task forces. Nebe's experiments eventually led to the utilization of the "Gaswagen" or Gas van.

These vans manufactured by German Magirus-Deutz and Gaubschat Fahrzeugwerke GmbH were first tested on Soviet prisoners in Sachsenhause in 1940 and for the gassing of East Prussian and Pomeranian mental patients in Soldau, a camp located in the former Polish corridor.
It was a vehicle with an airtight compartment for victims, into which exhaust gas was piped in while the engine was running. As a result, the victims were gassed with carbon monoxide, resulting in death by the combined effects of carbon monoxide poisoning and suffocation. The suffocations usually occurred as the gas van was carrying the victims to a freshly dug pit or ravine for mass burial.
Gaubschat Fahrzeugwerke GmbH the main producer of gas van had delivered 20 gas vans in two models (for 30–50 and 70–100 individuals) to Einsatzgruppen units, out of 30 ordered by June of 1942.
The existence of gas vans first came to light in the trial of members of crimes against humanity of Nazi collaborators involved in the gassing of 6,700 civilians in the Krasnodar Territory of the USSR.

Prior to the Wannsee Conference the Jews were sent primarily to forced labor camps, but from 1942 onward they were mostly deported to the extermination camps under the guise of "resettlement". For political and logistical reasons, the most infamous Nazi German killing factories were built in occupied Poland, where most of the intended victims lived; Poland had the greatest Jewish population in Nazi controlled Europe.
On top of that, the new death camps outside the prewar borders of the Third Reich proper could be kept secret from the German civil populace.

Under Operation Reinhard three top-secret camps (at Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka) were built solely to efficiently kill thousands of people each day. These camps differed from the likes of Auschwitz and Majdanek, because the latter operated as forced-labour camps initially, before they became death camps fitted with crematoria.

The "Extermination camps" (Vernichtungslager) and "Death camps" (Todeslager) where designed specifically for the primary function of genocide by mass gassings of Jews. They were established in the months following the Wannsee Conference in January 1942 in which the principle was made clear that the Jews of Europe were to be exterminated.

Up until then most of the Jews had already been confined to ghettos and interned in Nazi concentration camps. The Wannsee Conference had place the responsibility for the logistics of the program to Adolf Eichmann as the administrator.

Todeslagers were designed specifically for the systematic killing of people delivered en masse by the Holocaust trains. The executioners did not expect the prisoners to survive more than a few days.
Death camps differed from concentration camps located in Germany proper, such as Bergen-Belsen, Oranienburg, Ravensbrück, and Sachsenhausen, which were prison camps set up prior to World War II for people defined as 'undesirable'.

From March 1936, all Nazi concentration camps were managed by the SS-Totenkopfverbände (the Skull Units, SS-TV), who operated extermination camps from 1941 as well.

An SS anatomist, Dr. Johann Kremer, after witnessing the gassing of victims at Birkenau, wrote in his diary on 2 September 1942:

"Dante's Inferno seems to me almost a comedy compared to this. They don't call Auschwitz the camp of annihilation for nothing!"

The distinction was evident during the Nuremberg trials, when Dieter Wisliceny (a deputy to Adolf Eichmann) was asked to name the extermination camps, and he identified Auschwitz and Majdanek as such. Then, when asked "How do you classify the camps Mauthausen, Dachau, and Buchenwald?" he replied, "They were normal concentration camps, from the point of view of the department of Eichmann."

The specially constructed Nazi "Death Camps" were for the systematic murder in an economically efficient manner of large numbers of Jews in gas chambers. Careful planning for the construction of crematoriums with large industrial size ovens with special elevators to bring the bodies up from the underground gas chambers were carefully made and implemented.Consideration for the re-use of  the belongings of the murdered Jews from their hair, clothing, shoes, bones and even ashes was made with German efficiency so as to make the extermination of the Jews profitable.

Under the direct leadership of Director of the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt ‎‎(Reich Main Security Office; RSHA) SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich together ‎with his subordinate SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel) Adolf Eichmann ‎outlined their detailed economically feasible "Final Solution" plan. 

The Jews would now be put to work and those who could not would be "liquidated" as soon as possible upon arrival at the "Death Camps" so as to ‎not "waste" funds on -the Jewish children, the infirm, enfeeble and old age. 

That all possible profit ‎be earned from those murdered- clothing, belongings, glasses, gold teeth, hair, bones ashes and even ‎fat. Nothing was wasted and all this data was minutely recorded on cards of each victim. The SS with typical Germantic efficiency worked out the average profit to be expected down to to the residual yield from the gold in the teeth.

At liberation many of the camps, but most notably Buchenwald, warehouses were found with the sorted; bales of women’s hair, spectacles, dentures, silverware, clothing, shoes, artificial limbs and jewelry. The most poignant find was that of thousands of pairs of children’s shoes and bales and bales of baby clothes.

Those who were "Selected" were usually hired out as slave laborers in industrial facilities established nearby. At Auschwitz-Birkenau were more than 3 million were murdered, the large chemical trust I.G. Farben built just such a facility to take such advantage of the cheap slave labor. This payment came in the form of direct money paid to the SS, in light of the ‎‎"resettlement to work in the East" myth.

At the Wannssee Conference it was decided that the Jews would “not only” be confined by decree to the Ghettos, they would be charged for their accommodations!
And when they were called for “Deportation” for their “Resettlement-ie Death” the ‎Jews were forced to pay for a full one-way ticket by the "cheapest fare" possible in order to "balance the budget" and to keep the "project" profitable. 

SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich deemed the Jews to not be humans and chose to use cattle cars where the price of transportation charge was much less,  was deemed "more economically practible".

SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann  replied that the price of transportation by cattle cars was deemed cheaper since there was no need to provide , heating, food ,water nor sanitation.‎

The SS also paid the German Transport Authority to pay the German Railways to ‎transport Jews. The Reichsbahn was paid the equivalent of a third class railway ticket for ‎every prisoner transported to the final destination: 0.5 Pfennig × 8,000,000 prisoners × ‎‎600 km (pro media of voyage length) = 240 million Reichsmark. 

Children under 10–12 years of age paid half ‎price particularly where passenger carriages were used. Those who were running out of money in the ghetto were shipped to the East first, ‎while those with some supplies of gold and cash were shipped last.

In total, over 1,600 ‎trains were organized by the German Transport Ministry, and logged mainly by the ‎Polish state railway company due to the majority of death camps being located in Poland.  ‎Between 1941 and December 1944, the official date of closing of the Auschwitz-‎Birkenau complex, the transport/arrival timetable was of 1.5 trains per day: ‎50 freight cars × 50 prisoners per freight car × 1.5 trains/day × 1,066 days = 4,000,000 ‎prisoners. The Reichsbahn pocketed both this money and their share, after the SS fees, of ‎the money paid by those transported.

The cost of transporation in the "total annihilation [Vernichtung] -the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question"—the deportation and genocide of ALL Jews in German-occupied Europe  was to derived taken from funds seized from the properties, possessions and absconded financial accounts of the Jews.‎

In the photo to the left the arrows are pointing at Crematorium 1 on the left and Crematorium 2 on the right at Aushwitz. 

Josef Mengele The Aushwitz "Angel Of Death"

Dr. Josef Mengele was born on March 16, 1911, the eldest of three sons of Karl and Walburga Mengele. Josef was refined, intelligent and popular in his town. He studied philosophy at Munich and medicine at Frankfurt University. In 1935 his dissertation dealt with racial differences in the structure of the lower jaw.

In 1937 he joined the Nazi party, then in 1938 he went to the SS. In 1942 he was wounded at the Russian front and was pronounced unfit for duty. After that he volunteered to go to the concentration camp, he was sent to the death camp, Auschwitz. Dr. Josef Mengele, nicknamed "the Angel of Death", became the surviving symbol of Adolf Hitler's "Final Solution".

At death camps like Auschwitz children did not fare well: they were generally killed upon arrival. Children born in the camps were generally killed on the spot, especially if the child was Jewish. So called camp doctors, especially the notorious Josef Mengele, would torture Jewish children, Gypsy children and many others. "Patients" were put into pressure chambers, tested with drugs, castrated, frozen to death, and exposed to various other traumas.

Mengele was always immaculately prepared for the long-drawn-out rituals of death, the hellish selections which the young SS doctor so regularly attended during his twenty-one months at Auschwitz. Josef Mengele was the chief provider for the gas chambers and their crematoria.” He had a look that said 'I am the power,'" said one survivor. When it was reported that one block was infected with lice, Mengele solved the problem by gassing all the 750 women assigned to it. At the time, Mengele was only 32 years old.

The Angel of Death fed his legend by dramatizing murderous policies, such as his drawing a line on the wall of the children's block between 150 and 156 centimeters (about 5 feet or 5 feet 2 inches) from the floor. Then sending those whose heads could not reach the line to the gas chamber ... (Lifton, p. 346.)

The memory of this slightly built man, scarcely a hair out of place, his dark green tunic neatly pressed, his face well scrubbed, his Death's Head SS cap tilted rakishly to one side, remains vivid for those who survived his scrutiny when they arrived at the Auschwitz railhead. Polished boots slightly apart, his thumb resting on his pistol belt, he surveyed his prey with those dead gimlet eyes. Death to the left, life to the right. Four hundred thousand souls - babies, small children, young girls, mothers, fathers, and grandparents - are said to have been casually waved to the left-hand side with a flick of the cane clasped in a gloved hand.

In another case in which a mother did not want to be separated from her thirteen-year-old daughter, and bit and scratched the face of the SS man who tried to force her to her assigned line, Mengele drew his gun and shot both the woman and the child. As a blanket punishment, he then sent to the gas all people from that transport who had previously been selected for work, with the comment: "Away with this shit!" (Robert Jay Lifton, The Nazi Doctors.)

There were moments when his death mask gave way to a more animated expression, when Mengele came alive. There was excitement in his eyes, a tender touch in his hands. This was the moment when Josef Mengele, the geneticist, found a pair of twins. Mengele was almost fanatical about drawing blood from twins, mostly identical twins. He is reported to have bled some to death this way.

Once Mengele's assistant rounded up 14 pairs of Gypsy twins during the night. Mengele placed them on his polished marble dissection table and put them to sleep. He then proceeded to inject chloroform into their hearts, killing them instantaneously. Mengele then began dissecting and meticulously noting each and every piece of the twins' bodies. At Auschwitz Mengele did a number of twin studies, and these twins were usually murdered after the experiment was over and their bodies dissected. He supervised an operation by which two Gypsy children were sewn together to create Siamese twins; the hands of the children became badly infected where the veins had been infected.

Mengele injected chemicals into the eyes of children in an attempt to change their eye color. Unfortunately a strict veil of secrecy over the experiments enabled Mengele to do his work more effectively. The full extent of his gruesome work will never be known because the records he sent to Dr. Von Verschuer at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute were shipped out in two truckloads and destroyed by the latter.

Twins undergoing his experiments didn't know what the objectives were. It is known that he had a special pathology lab where he performed autopsies on twins who had died from experiments. It was located next to the crematorium.

Any remaining notes Mengele carried with him on his escape to South America and those were never found. Some forty years after the war, only a few of these twins could be found, many living in Israel and the United States. Strangely enough, many of them recall Mengele as a gentle, affable man who befriended them as children and gave them chocolates. Since many had immediately been separated from their families upon entering the camp, Mengele became a sort of father figure. Still a tension existed, that at any time they could be killed if they did not keep a low profile. Older twins recognized his kindness as a deception ...

Mengele performed both physical and psychological experiments, experimental surgeries performed without anesthesia, transfusions of blood from one twin to another, isolation endurance, reaction to various stimuli. He made injections with lethal germs, sex change operations, the removal of organs and limbs, incestuous impregnations.

The book "Children of the Flames" by Joe E. White chronicles the notorious medical experimental activities of Josef Mengele on approximately three thousand twins who passed through the Auschwitz death camp during WWII until its liberation at the end of the war. Only a few of the three thousand twins survived and now fifty years later they have told their story of how they were given special privileges in Auschwitz due to Mengele’s interest in twins and how as a result they have suffered during the past fifty years as the children who survived the still unknown and unexplained medical experiments and injections which they were subjected to at the hands of Josef Mengele.The survivors tell how as children in Auschwitz they were visited by a smiling "Uncle Mengele" who brought them candy and clothes. Then he had them delivered to his medical laboratory either in trucks painted with the Red Cross emblem or in his own personal car to undergo his experiments.

One twin recalls the death of his brother: "Dr. Mengele had always been more interested in Tibi. I am not sure why - perhaps because he was the older twin. Mengele made several operations on Tibi. One surgery on his spine left my brother paralyzed. He could not walk anymore. Then they took out his sexual organs. After the fourth operation, I did not see Tibi anymore. I cannot tell you how I felt. It is impossible to put into words how I felt. They had taken away my father, my mother, my two older brothers - and now, my twin ..."

The twins, Bernard and Simon Zajdner, born Dec. 28, 1929, were deported with their sister, Micheline, on May 20, 1944.They were victims of Josef Mengele's inhuman "medical experiments." Eva Mozes and her identical twin, Miriam, were survivors of the deadly genetic experiments conducted by Josef Mengele. Their parents, grandparents, two older sisters, uncles, aunts and cousins were killed in the Holocaust. After the liberation of the camp, Eva and Miriam were the first two twins in the famous film taken by the Soviets - often shown in footage about the horrors of Holocaust.

Likewise at Auschwitz Dr. Herta Oberhauser killed children with oil and evipan injections, removed their limbs and vital organs, rubbed ground glass and sawdust into wounds. She drew a twenty-year sentence as a war criminal, but was released in 1952 and became a family doctor at Stocksee in Germany. Her license to practice medicine was revoked in 1960. (Laska) Near the end of the war, in order to cut expenses and save gas, "cost- accountant considerations" led to an order to place living children directly into the ovens or throw them into open burning pits.

  

Josef Mengele left Auschwitz disguised as a member of the regular German infantry. He turned up at the Gross-Rosen work camp and left well before it was liberated on February 11, 1945. He was then seen at Matthausen and shortly after he was captured as a POW and held near Munich. He was released by the allies, who had no idea that he was in their midst. Mengele gave an Italian residency document with a false name and permission to enter Argentina. He received his passport in 1949. So Mengele fled to South America, but moved from country to country afraid of being caught There were many warrants, rewards, and bounties offered, but he was lucky. 

Josef Mengele hid in South America after the war and he divorced Irene Mengele. In 1958, Mengele married his brother Karl's widow, Martha, and later she and her son Rolf moved to Argentina to join Mengele. Mengele's life had now established itself into the comfortable and secure routine of a family man in a 9-to-5 job with good prospects. Despite international efforts to track him down, he was never apprehended and lived for 35 years hiding under various aliases.

The first clue that Mengele was dead and buried in a remote Brazilian cemetery came from Paraguay. A letter suggested that a man named Hans Sedlmeier, formerly deputy manager of a Bavarian factory owned by the Mengele family, might have assisted Mengele in Brazil. Sedlmeier was a familiar name to the Nazi hunters.
By the 1960s they suspected he was in contact with Mengele, believed to be hiding in South America. West German police raided Sedlmeier's residence, finding correspondence with an Austrian couple living in Brazil, the Bossarts.West German authorities then turned to Brazil, which raided the couple's home. The Bossarts admitted that Mengele had been present at the house, and that he confessed his identity after living there for a year or two. They added that they hosted him for many years, and "he was always afraid that the Jews would come and get him".

The Bossarts said they had gone on vacation with Mengele in February 1979, one afternoon he went for a swim. While in the ocean he suffered a massive stroke and began to drown. By the time he was dragged to shore, he was dead. People didn't find out about Mengele's death until the mid 1980's when Nazi hunters, using newly discovered information, uncovered his grave marked "Wolfgang Gerhard" at Embu.

One of the most important factors in identifying the body exhumed by Brazilian police, was the fact that Mengele had fractured his pelvis in a motorcycle accident at Auschwitz in 1944 and a fracture in a similar location was found on the skeleton. Another item was the gap found between the front teeth  in the mandible of the skull that corresponded precisely to that found in the SS dental records of Mengele's in Germany.

With these findings on June 22, 1985, Brazilian police formally announced to the press that the remainsy, "beyond any shadow of a doubt"  belonged to Mengele. It was then that his family admitted they had shielded him all those years and they turned over his diaries and letters to investigators.

The possibility of a hoax kept the case open for several years. It was not until 1992, after coaxing DNA from a bone, and matching it to DNA in blood samples taken from Mengele's son and wife that the official conclusion is announced: "The remains are those of Josef Mengele". The mystery of Josef Mengele, the evil symbol of the Nazi's, was solved.

Nelson Mandela The Humanist

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in 1918 in the village of Mvezo, in the southeastern part of South Africa .Was affectionately referred to by his traditional Xhosa clan name, "Madiba" because it was a term of endearment, respect and familiarity.
In Mandela’s autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom" you can find that it is full of positive references to Jews and occasionally even Israel.

In his 1994 autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” he wrote of his respect for the Jewish law firm Witkin, Sidelsky and Eidelman that hired him in the 1940's as a young black clerk during the height of South African apartheid. In his autobiography he specifically mentions Lazer Sidelsky, one of the firm’s partners, who was among the first whites to treat him with “enormous kindness” and respect. Mandela wrote,“I have found the Jews to be more broad-minded than most whites on issues of race and politics, perhaps because they themselves have historically been victims of prejudice.” Furthermore in his 1994 autobiography, Mandela acknowledged the disproportionate role that Jews played in the struggle against apartheid. In his memoir Mandela states that he learned about guerrilla warfare from Arthur Goldreich, a South African Jew who fought with the Palmach during Israel’s War of Independence.Yet despite all these positive Jewish references, Nelson Mandela remained outspoken on the difference between his ties to the South African Jewish community and critical of Israel as a country.

The associate director of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies David Saks stated that “Mandela always strove to be scrupulously fair to both sides, even though his inclination was very much towards the Palestinian side”. “He was deeply supportive of the Palestinian struggle for independence, but never deviated from his view that this could only be attained through all parties recognizing Israel’s legitimate right to exist within secure borders.”

With the passing of Nelson Mandela, there are statements attributed to him in many cases that have been taken out of context by the "Falestinians" and their supporters into making it seem that Mandela was totally on their side.

A prime example of this is from the Libyan International Qadhafi Prize for Human Rights for 1989 web page  On this web page “In an interview given to journalists at the airport in Tripoli, Nelson Mandela (is attributed to have) declared:

"The ANC has, on numerous occasions, maintained that the PLO is our comrade in arms in the struggle or the liberation of our respective countries. We fully support the combat of the Organization for the Liberation of Palestine for the creation of an independent state".

With the passing of Nelsom Mandela there has been a literal flurry of Blog pages and news articles alluding to a dark side of Nelson Mandel's view towards Israel. Now though Mandela did make some highly controversial statements –some that I have seen have been posted on web sites and Blogs. I defer to acknowledge them since there are no confirmed citations that Mandela actually made these statements.

Though there are countless pictures of Mandela embracing some of the worst anti-Israel figures in modern history the impetus to make him into a totally anti-Israel / anti-Semite does seem to be an open and shut case.

Mandela, Communism and the Jews:

Mandela held a close association with several leading South African Jewish Communists and confirmed anti-Zionists.  Mandela’s African National Congress (ANC) was closely aligned with the Soviet Union as was atypical of all post 1917 Russian Communist Revolution "Freedom Movements" against oppressive Imperialistic regimes.  Mandela and the ANC’s leanings towards communism may have originated with the Jewish Communists in the “Torch  Commando” that arose from the Springbok Legion, a South African organization of World War II veterans which was open to all servicemen regardless of race and was avowedly anti-fascist and anti-racist.
The organization became radicalized by members of the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) who joined it and served in its upper and lower structure. These Jewish servicemen of Eastern European origins such as; Joe Slovo, Harry Schwarz, Lionel Bernstein and Wolfie Kodesh were founders of the ANC African National Congress and its military wing “Umkhonto we Sizwe” under the command of Nelson Mandela.

The Jews of Eastern Europe had embraced communism in the later half of the 19th century mainly because of their abject poverty and their desire to be free of the yoke of Czarist anti-Semitism. The same tired old anti-Semitism from Czarist Russia so alive today in the example of that pervasive lie of the "Blood Libel" as retold in Bernard Malamud's famous book "The Fixer".
In the book the chief character Yakov Bok, the "Enlightened humanist Jew", is falsely accused by the "Black Hundred" of murdering the young Russian boy Zhenia Golov for his blood for the making of Passover matzos. This same story of the "Blood Libel" still thrives in the Arab world and on YouTube today. It is due to these types of revolting anti-Semitic stories learned from his association with the South African Jews that Mandela was aware of the sensitivities of the Jews to Apartheid race issues and oppression.

There are many who tend to forget that many Eastern European Jewish Partisans during WW II were also Communists because many had no choice since many of the non Communist Partisan groups were highly anti-Semitic and would either kill the Jews or turn them over to the SS for money.
Also during Israel’s struggle against “Imperialist England” during the Mandate Period many Jews in Israel – mainly those of Eastern European origins continued to adhere to the Communist Party anti Imperialistic line.
Israel’s communist party thrived up to and including the Post Stalinistic purges in the late 1950’s. The assumption in "todays" communism  that only by the negation of ones religious ties, beliefs and "Zionistic" nationalistic aspirations can all people be equal is still alive in today's joint Arab-Jewish Mapam and Balad political parties.
Matzpen (Hebrew: מצפן‎, lit. 'Compass')  was the name of a revolutionary socialist and anti-Zionist organisation, founded in Israel in 1962 by former members of the Israeli Communist Party who viewed Zionism as a colonizing project, and strove for Arab–Jewish coexistence, based on full equality.Matzpen offered a more radical analysis of and opposition to Zionism.

The Eastern European Jewish embrace of communism can be attributed to the mistaken and irrational belief that many late nineteenth century Czarist Jews had believed that through “HaHaskalah” - the “Enlightened or Educated” movement - the Jewish people would be free of religion so that they may unite or become absorbed into society so as to defeat anti-Semitism. It this mistaken concept of secular “acceptism” or "self-negation" that has plagued the Jewish people from time immortal. This misguided concept is still found among today's "Liberal assimilated" Jews who go out of their way to denounce not only themselves but Israel. The belief that Jews could be accepted and absorbed if they deny their religion and inheritance as exemplified in Hellenistic times and pre-World War II Europe have been shown to be a fallacy.

Mandela had recognized that there were historical parallels between the oppression suffered by South African blacks under racist white rulers, and Jews living under hostile non-Jewish rulers. The enforced separation of Jews into the “Pale of Settlement” by the Russian Empress Catherine in 1791 can be compared with the notorious Group Areas Act, which restricted black residency. Many other anti-Semitic actions like those of the 1935 Nuremberg Laws of Nazi Germany were echoed in apartheid regulations like the ban on sexual relationships between whites and blacks. 

  

Many of us of the older generation who grew up in the USA and the west during the Cold War we were taught that the “Communists” are “Boogey Men” and that they disguised themselves as “liberation movements” as was the case with Fidel Castro. Throughout it's existence the Communist regime in the Soviet Union aspired to influence “liberation movements” and their corresponding terrorist organizations from Algeria to Viet Nam to the  PLO. The communists aspired to reign over third-world dictators like; Mao Tse Tung,  Ho Chi Minh, Colonel Muammar Al Qadhafi, Ahmed Ben Bella in Algeria and Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt.

There are those who defend the ANC for its “Gandhian” influence which dominated the freedom struggles on the African continent right up to the 1960s. Theoretically the official stance of all major African coalitions was nonviolence, and the South African A.N.C. remained implacably opposed to violence for most of its existence. The communists on the other hand strived to convince the African freedom movements to chose violent means as was seen in the Congo, Uganda and Rhodesia. 

According to Mandela he remained committed to nonviolence; "I followed the Gandhian strategy for as long as I could, but then there came a point in our struggle when the brute force of the oppressor could no longer be countered through passive resistance alone. We founded Umkhonto we Sizwe and added a military dimension to our struggle. Even then, we chose sabotage because it did not involve the loss of life, and it offered the best hope for future race relations. Militant action became part of the African agenda officially supported by the Organization of African Unity (O.A.U.) following my address to the Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa (PAFMECA) in 1962, in which I stated, "Force is the only language the imperialists can hear, and no country became free without some sort of violence."

Mandela in this decision was influenced by the fact that Gandhi himself never ruled out violence absolutely and unreservedly. That Mohandas Ghandi conceded the necessity of arms in certain situations. Ghandi is quoted as saying, "Where choice is set between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence... I prefer to use arms in defense of honor rather than remain the vile witness of dishonor ..."

As to the whole Israel = Apartheid scam started with a fabricated a letter linking Israel with apartheid, purportedly written by Nelson Mandela but in actuality was written by a Palestinian activist named Arjan el Fassed. Today’s advocates of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement cite the fabricated letter when claiming Nelson Mandela as one of their own. In actuality it is Mandela’s comrade Archbishop Desmond Tutu the major duped individual who wanted to push the "Palestinian" agenda for the equation of Israel’s democracy with apartheid and not Nelson Mandela.

The true stance of Nelson Mandela can be found within the wording of his address at the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People from the 4th December 1997, in Pretoria.
In the first paragraph below from the address if we “read between the lines” we see that Mandela does equate the Palestinians dilemma to that of his as an African. That Mandela though he was deeply supportive of the Palestinian struggle for independence, he ... never deviated from his view that this could only be attained through peaceful negotiations. And that the "Palestinians" and their backers must,"...recognize Israel’s legitimate right to exist within secure borders”.

"When in 1977, the United Nations passed the resolution inaugurating the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian people, it was asserting the recognition that injustice and gross human rights violations were being perpetrated in Palestine. In the same period, the UN took a strong stand against apartheid; and over the years, an international consensus was built, which helped to bring an end to this iniquitous system.

(Mandela who strived to receive backing from the UN Arab Block stated;) "But we know too well that our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinians."

Indeed, all of us marveled at the progress made a few years ago, with the adoption of the Oslo Agreements. Leaders of vision, who saw problems not merely from the point of view of their own narrow constituency, had at least found a workable approach towards friendship and peaceful co-existence in the Middle East. – (here Mandela tries to point to hope by those who can envision peace.)
I wish to take this opportunity to pay tribute to these Palestinian and Israeli leaders. In particular, we pay homage to the memory of Yitzhak Rabin who paid the supreme sacrifice in pursuit of peace.
We are proud as humanists, that the international consensus on the need for the implementation of the Oslo Agreements is finding expression in the efforts of the multitude of Israeli and Palestinian citizens of goodwill who are marching together, campaigning together, for an end to prevarication. These soldiers of peace are indeed sending a message to us all, that the day is not far off, when Palestinian and Jewish children will enjoy the gay abandon of children of God in a peaceful and prosperous region.- (here Mandela paraphrases Martin Luther Kings famous “I have a dream” speech as a show of hope.)
These soldiers of peace recognize that the world we live in is rising above the trappings of religious and racial hatred and conflict. They recognize that the spurning of agreements reached in good faith and the forceful occupation of land can only fan the flames of conflict. They know from their own experience that, it is in a situation such as this, that extremists on all sides thrive, fed by the blood lust of centuries gone by.
These Palestinian and Israeli campaigners for peace know that security for any nation is not abstract; neither is it exclusive. It depends on the security of others; it depends on mutual respect and trust. Indeed, these soldiers of peace know that their destiny is bound together, and that none can be at peace while others wallow in poverty and insecurity.
Thus, in extending our hands across the miles to the people of Palestine, we do so in the full knowledge that we are part of a humanity that is at one that the time has come for progress in the implementation of agreements. The majority of the world community; the majority of the people of the Middle East; the majority of Israelis and Palestinians are suing for peace."

We need to do more as government, as the ANC and other parties, as South Africans of all religious and political persuasions to spur on the peace process. All of us should be as vocal in condemning violence and the violation of human rights in this part of the world as we do with regard to other areas. We need to send a strong message to all concerned that an attempt by anyone to isolate partners in negotiations from their own mass base; and attempt to co-opt this is bound to hurt the peace process as a whole.”

Mandela rightly believed in justice for the Palestinian people but above all he believed in non-violence.
Yet, even as an outspoken critic of Israel's "Occupation" beyond the 1967 "Green Lines" Mandela was just as adamant that Israel had the right to exist within secure borders.
Mandela fervently believed that only by teaching love and understanding in the manner of Ghandi can both sides realize a peaceful end to the conflict. And that the only rational path to peace was in negotiations not war.

Mandela's major failure was that he did not openly admonish Yasser Arafat for his deceitful conduct in the instigation of the wave of suicide bombings that ended all hope in the Oslo Accords. Mandela also failed in not ending the outrageous Palestinian curriculum of continual hatred and glorification of death within the Palestinian schools in the territories controlled by the Palestinian Authority under Abbas. Both of these issues once again were major failures on the part of the Palestinian leadership to grasp a chance at a just and lasting peace.

Mandela's greatness was in his humanity and his achievement for the end of Apartheid in his beloved South Africa. He was a symbol of humanity. It is too bad that his "Palestinian" friends used him for propaganda purposes and ignored his words.

In deference to Mr. Shavit

I wanted to begin by "paraphrasing" a comment from an interview of Ha'aretz columnist Ari Shavit were he a stated his "horror" and traumatization of being a "Prison Guard" at a "Detention Camp in Gaza.

I too did several stints of reserve duty, as the Chief Medic of a MASH unit, assigned in the early '90s at Ketziot detention camp in the Negev. In deference to Mr. Shavit I was not "horrified" nor "traumatized" for doing my duty.  I knew exactly why these men were interned.

In deference to Mr Shavit I knew that we had no choice. We slept merely a meter or two away from their tents under the same conditions in the Negev heat. We could hear their "lessons" being taught to them by their fellow internees as we in our Medical tent on the other side of the fence tended to their fellow inmates. We were guided as medics by our motto to “save lives” and the Geneva Convention. They were guided by lessons on vile hatred and means by which to murder us. They did not even spare their own who they would murder at random and leave for us to find to be blamed for their demise. They bullied, beat and tortured each other with a passion. Yet these vile acts of depravity were never spoken of nor mentioned by those of the Ha'aretz ilk.

I remember those days in the post Six Day War period when we did have a relative peace in the "Occupied" West Bank. When Jew and Arab alike were able to do commerce and eat together in peace. From 1967 until 1987 an Israeli Jew was welcomed and could move freely unarmed in the “Liberated Territories” of the once Jordanian “Occupied West Bank” or Egyptian controlled and “Occupied” Gaza Strip. Then there was a hope a slight glimmer of true Peace that could be made.

But in 1987 Arafat and his "Shabb"- youth chose their "Intifada" to defy us and to raise their hands in acts of extreme terrorism and means of violence against us. We were forced by “Our Neighbors" to take action. I witnessed how these neighbors of ours were doing terrible things to us as terrorists, and we in turn were forced to doing oppressive things to them by imprisoning them. They had chosen violence and acts of terrible atrocities to which they accused us of not giving them the fresh air needed to survive and live properly.

In 1993 steps were undertaken to create a new page in our joint history, a new beginning in which we could have shared this land in peace and tranquility. Yet once again as in 1947 the leadership of the “Arabs of the Mandated Area” chose the way of violence. They have shown that they will never sit with us as equals that we as Jews have no right to this land which was that of our forefathers. They insist that we are “usurpers”

There is a saying "good walls make good neighbors" we were forced to create a physical barrier - a wall to prevent these increasing acts of wanton violence. High walls were necessitated in many places where snipers would shoot at those who were once their neighbors. The wall or fence was necessitated to keep out those who would manipulate the "good hearts" of stupid "good meaning" Israelis, and their duped ISM (International Solidarity Movement)  lackeys,to gain entry beyond the 1949 Rhodes Agreement Cease-Fire Lines. This same Cease-Fire (Green) Line that is so mistakenly referred to as a "Border". These poor Arab youth are so full of hate that they carried suicide belts on their bodies to murder Jews in restaurants and on buses. Here are just three examples from the city most identified with Arab - Jewish "Co-existence":

The Matza restaurant suicide bombing occurred on March 31, 2002, when a Palestinian Hamas suicide bomber 22-year-old Shadi Tubasi who originated from the Jenin area detonated his bomb inside the Matza restaurant in Haifa, Israel, near the Grand Canyon shopping mall, killing 15 Israeli Jewish civilians (Two families were completely wiped out) and  an Israeli Arab Suheil Adawi, 32, of Turan. Over 40 people were injured.

On March 5, 2003 on an Egged bus in Haifa, Israel. 20-year-old Mahmoud Umdan Salim Qawasmeh, a student at the Palestine Polytechnic University carried a bomb, strapped to his body, laden with metal shrapnel in order to maximize the number of injuries,Seventeen passengers were killed in the attack - 16 Israeli Jews most of them under the age of 20 the youngest being Yuval Mendelevitch, 13, from Haifa and one Druse youth Kmer Abu Khamed, 12, from Daliyat al Karmel and 53 were injured. Many of the victims were students from Haifa University.

On October 4, 2003, the 28-year-old Palestinian suicide bomber Hanadi Jaradat detonated the explosive belt she was wearing inside the co-owned Christian Arab-Jewish Maxim beachfront restaurant located near the south entry to Haifa. 21 Israelis  (3 Christian Arabs and 18 Jews) were killed, and 51 others were wounded.

There are those who vocally decry the barriers construction by describing it as a “Land Grab”. Yet they in turn choose to deny the fact that there is no real border between us, since borders are reached through negotiation, which our neighbors consistently refuse to abide by.

So here we are once again at a sharp corner. Our neighbors are hoping for the intervention of others as they scream “Nakbah” and claim that it is not a self inflicted wound. They have been in total self-denial for 65 years now and there is no end in sight.

They and their lackeys proclaim by screaming at the top of their lungs that we expelled their forefathers and forced them into exile to be interned in squalid refugee camps by their brethren in embarrassment until today.

The (The Arabs of the Mandated Area) or as they have come to call themselves -"Palestinians"  deny that these same “Arab brothers” in 22 Arab lands did the same to our brethren and we in deference to them embraced our brothers and brought them in.

In deference to Mr. Shavit we Jews, born in the Diaspora, do remember. It has only been a mere 70 years ago when our martyred brothers and sisters cried out for a place to leave to in refuge from the hate of Nazism in Europe. Our Arab Neighbors out of their hatred implored the occupying British to close the door to our Promised Homeland as did our other world neighbors who also slammed shut ALL the doors to them. This paved the way for Hitler's plan to murder the Jews.

This Mr Shavit may not be politically correct to you and your friends, but to most of “US” Israelis it is the difference. We Israelis value life above the love of death but above it all we want our one corner of this globe to be our one home.

Eden Atias And Palestinian Blind Hate

Eden Atias z"l a 19 year old young man, had been conscripted into the Israeli army just two weeks earlier, was fast asleep in his seat on a bus inside Israel when Hussein Rawarda a 16 year old Palestinian teenager consumed with hatred murdered him in cold blood.
Here is the blood stained bus seat.

Below we see the young Palestinian "Hero" enjoying his meal that his fellow cellmates in the Israel prison have made for him.

Hussein Rawarda was raised and educated in a climate of unflinching hatred of Israeli Jews as "Occupiers" and "usurpers of the dream of Palestine". This same society which lingers in self-pity as they ignore the historic fact they refused statehood and independence in 1947 but instead choose to allow themselves to be disposed and occupied by their Arab “brothers”. These same Arab Brothers who after 60+ years refuse to absorb them into their societies and insted relegate their “Arab brothers” to squalid refugee camps. These crowded areas with simple concrete shacks built in areas with no modern infrastructure of proper electricity, running water or sewage. These same Arabs of the Mandated Areas could have established a state on the entire West Bank from 1947 until 1967 while under Jordanian Arab occupation! Or in Gaza under Egyptian Occupation. These same Arabs do not question their own leadership for their repeated obstinate refusal to negotiate for a true peace in good faith when conditions and offers were given them for a better life and future for themselves and their Children. Instead they continue to languish in squalor in “Refuge Camps” existing on handouts from UNWRA and they lay all the blame on Israel and the Jews. And all the while their leaders live lives of luxury.

The Palestinians leadership and their “Leftist” supporters scream out that the “The Source” of all the ills afflicting the dismal relationship between Israelis and the Arabs of Palestine is “The Settlements = Settlers = Occupiers" who are "usurpers of the dream of Palestine.” The term that they bandier about most often as an excuse for these acts of Palestinian barbarism is “Incitement.” That is that Jewish settlement of the Jewish Homeland and inside of Israel is the sole basis for all their woes.

The term “Incitement” is vague and means little until you start watching the Arabic language video’s of Palestinian children’s TV programs. On studio sets full of decorative and colorful child filled backdrops filled with images for pre-schoolers you see the children in unprompted interviews, unthinkingly parrot the vicious curses against Israel that their cynical elders have fed them, and vow with the earnest innocence of their manipulated young psyches that they are willing to martyr themselves — to murder and be killed — for the noble, divine cause of harming the terrible "Occupiers" and "usurpers of the dream of Palestine".

Now, right now, day after day — in Gaza and in the West Bank, and in countries all across the region— in schools and in youthful get-togethers and in newspapers and on television and on Facebook pages and in the speeches delivered by political leaders — millions of young minds like that of Hussein Rawarda are being gradually poisoned. Children are being persuaded by those they trust that Israel is the embodiment of iniquity, and that all Israelis must be slaughtered. This is the society in which this hate filled teenager, who was brainwashed into believing that ONLY the Jews were at fault for all his woes repeatedly and viciously, stabbed another human being to death.

Eden Atias death, like that of the Fogel family, demonstrates just how depraved an atmosphere and a mindset prevails among the Palestinian youths in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The insistent approach by the Secretary of State John Kerry, is to focus almost exclusively on the settlement enterprise, while doing next-to-nothing to tackle pervasive negation of Israel’s legitimacy among Palestinians, a guaranteed approach to failure that will cause peace efforts to never succeed. By consistently telling and by applying pressure on the Israeli government and people by telling them that you regard settlements as illegitimate will not bring peace. The main enemy of Israeli-Palestinian reconciliation is the hatred for Israel that is being nurtured daily in the hearts of so many in the West Bank and Gaza — the constant narrative that says Israel has no right to exist, and that its people are rapacious invaders who must be struck down. Sixteen years filled only with hatred and lies brought Hussein Rawarda to the moment, on Wednesday morning, when he shed the last vestiges of his humanity and took away Eden Atias’s life.

If the cold-blooded murder of Eden Atias, at the hands of a youth two years his junior, does not prompt a realization of the imperative to halt the heartless, soulless poisoning of the Arabs with anti-Israel incitement than we will never see peace.

Yakov Churgin HaSofer Now Remembered

Yakov Churgin was born on the 23 of December 1899 (י' בטבת ה'תרנ"ט, 1899 - י"ז בשבט ה'תש"ן, 12 בפברואר 1990) and died February 12, 1990. He was the son of HaRav Shmuel Yitzhak Churgin  and the younger brother of Rachel Churgin wife of David Blick - a member of the 39th Royal Fusiliers - HaGdud Ha Evri from World War I.

Just as his father, Yakov Chugin was one of the first modern day Hebrew writers and authors. He was a founding member of the first Va'ad HaLashon. He was a teacher and editor of children's books and magazines during the early years in the history of the Yishuv and during the British Mandated Period. He was a professor of literature Hebrew at Bar - Ilan University. And in 1956 he was awarded the “Lamdan” Scholarship Prize.
He was born in Neve Tzedek or (Abode of Justice) a neighborhood located in southwestern Tel Aviv, Israel. It was the first Jewish neighborhood to be built outside the walls of the ancient port of Jaffa. He learned in the Talmud Torah "Sharei Torah" which was one of the first Hebrew speaking schools in Eretz Yisrael. Later, he studied at a "Midrash" -a college for teachers "Ezra" in Jerusalem, and taught in a "Girls" school Neve Shalom in Jerusalem.

During World War I he was drafted like many members of the Yishuv into the Turkish Army. His job in the Turkish Army was as interpreter of languages ​​Arabic, Turkish and a Liason between a Commander of an Imperial German Army engineering unit and the Turks. During the First World War he accompanied the commander of the German Unit throughout the land of Israel and its surroundings until 1917. With the fall of Jerusalem in the fall of 1917 to the British Army, he returned to Jerusalem.

From 1920 until 1930 he taught in Tiberias and during the years 1936 to 1939 he was chairman of the cultural committee of the Farmers' Association.

From 1952-1954 was a professor at Yeshiva University in New - York. From 1955-1970 he served as a professor at Bar - Ilan University.

In the Fourth Knesset elections of 1959 he was a candidate for office on the list of the General Zionist Party. They merged with the right-wing Herut to form Gahal which later became the Likud.

During the early twenties he began publishing his poems and stories in the journal "HaShiloch" and "Hapoel Hatzair ". Churgin wrote a great deal of children's literature. He was an editor and writer for the Pre-State of Israel Farmers' Association.‎He wrote many articles for newspapers for children and youth, one weekly magazine that he wrote for belonged to the Farmers' Association. "בוסתנאי לנוער" "The Young Gardener". He also wrote stories for the "הבֹ‏קר לילדים" "The Morning Magazine for Youth".

In the center of Churgin's writings was the image of the "New Jew" or "New Hebrew", who were born in the Land of Israel during the "Yishuv" (Settling of the land) and the (Pre-State of Israel) Mandate For Palestine period . The "Cultural roots" of the new Hebrew, Churgin wrote, are derived from the ancient Hebrew culture in Eretz Yisrael that existed until the revolt of  Bar Kochba. He wrote that this new "Proud and Defiant Militarist Jew" will need to act for the creation of the Jewish Homeland but within the constraints of the social and political circumstances of the British Mandate. Churgin urged and inspired the new modern Hebrew youth  to act as modern contemporaries of Bar Kochba, the leader of the second revolt against Rome. He taught them, "You will need to act as freedom fighters and revolutionaries in order to achieve the State."
As an outcome of the bloody Arab riots of 1929 and the massacre in Hebron and as well with the murderous outpouring of Mufti inspired hatred in 1936. Churgin advocated for a more belligerent, assertive posture with actions against both the occupying British and the belligerency of the Arabs during the "Arab Revolt of 1936. He was a member of the ETZEL-the Irgun Zvai Leumi the pre-state Jewish underground. Because of  Churgin's rejection of  "practical Zionism" expoused by David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann and his "Revisionist" views he was fired from his job as editor of  "בוסתנאי לנוער" "The Young Gardener".

During the Second World War and before the creation of the state, Churgin wrote articles and stories of brave strong and defiant Jews. Be proud of your heritage as those who resist tyranny and the new threat of Nazi anti-Semitism. His words inspired many children and young adults in the pre-State period of the Mandate as well as among those living in Europe.

"His Revisionist views of the "Proud Jew" inspired many among the young Jews. Among them was the Hebrew writer Ehud Ben Ezer - and according to him many more. At his funeral in Feb 1990 at the Kiryat Shaul Cemetary Professor Meir Feldblum Head of The Talmud Department of University Bar Ilan spoke of the time of the Holocaust when he ran away at age 12 from the Vilna Ghetto to join the Partisans of Abba Kovner in the forests. That what inspired him and other young Jews to fight back and survive was Yakov's book “The Young Zealots” (הקנאים הצעירים) that had been published in 1935.

Sadly this proud and defiant Jew who had been branded the "Revisionist" did not sit well with the Labor Party dominated young State of Israel. In his obituary (Seen above) by the newspaper Yediot Achronot he is labeled the writer "הסופר שנשכח והושכח" - The writer who was forgot and forgotten. 

Yakov's research into modern Hebrew poets and poetry mainly scholarly works on: Chaim Nachman Bialik, Uri Zvi Greenberg, Saul and David Shimoni Tchernichovsky had been widely published.

Churgin also documented writings and publications dealing with his childhood and youth, in Neve Tzedek, together with David Tidhar (1897 -1970) British policeman, private detective, author, and communal leader.
Yakov had based his book "הבלש משכונת הצריפים" The Detective From Tzrifin (The British Military base located near Rishon L'Zion) on his friend Tidhar.